浅地层剖面交互拾取解释技术研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

丁维凤  罗进华  来向华  苟铮慷  傅晓明 《海洋科学》2008,32(9):1-6

浅地层剖面探测在海洋学研究与海洋工程调查中使用愈来愈频繁，剖面资料的解释工作变得越来越繁重。因浅地层剖面实际解释工作的需要，结合浅地层剖面资料的特点，研究并实现了剖面反射层位的自动拾取、利用Event号交互拾取特征点、等Ping间隔拾取、求取海底下反射层位厚度等解释功能，这些解释功能的实现加快了剖面解释工作的进度，提高了解释结果的精度，并在实际浅地层剖面资料解释工作中取得了良好的应用效果。  相似文献   

Brief Analysis on the Reason of Exceptive Frost     

Shang Zhengqiang 《山西气象》2008,(3)

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Integration of optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery for delivering operational annual crop inventories     

Heather McNairn  Catherine Champagne  Jiali Shang  Delmar Holmstrom  Gordon Reichert 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2009,64(5):434-449

Agriculture plays a critical role within Canada’s economy and, as such, sustainability of this sector is of high importance. Targeting and monitoring programs designed to promote economic and environmental sustainability are a vital component within Canada’s agricultural policy. A hierarchy of land information, including up to date information on cropping practices, is needed to measure the impacts of programs on land use decision-making and to gauge the environmental and economic benefits of these investments. A multi-year, multi-site research activity was completed to develop a robust methodology to inventory crops across Canada’s large and diverse agricultural landscapes. To move towards operational implementation the methodology must deliver accurate crop inventories, with consistency and reliability. In order to meet these operational requirements and to mitigate risk associated with reliance on a single data source, the methodology integrated both optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. The results clearly demonstrated that multi-temporal satellite data can successfully classify crops for a variety of cropping systems present across Canada. Overall accuracies of at least 85% were achieved, and most major crops were also classified to this level of accuracy. Although multi-temporal optical data would be the preferred data source for crop classification, a SAR-optical dataset (two Envisat ASAR images and one optical image) provided acceptable accuracies and will mitigate risk associated with operational implementation. The preferred dual-polarization mode would be VV–VH. Not only were these promising classification results repeated year after year, but the target accuracies were met consistently for multiple sites across Canada, all with varying cropping systems.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲湿地景观格局变化及其对生态系统服务的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘键  陈尚  夏涛  王其翔 《海洋科学进展》2008,26(4)

利用RS和GIS技术分析黄河三角洲湿地景观格局变化,并评价其对区域生态系统服务的影响。结果表明,2004年该区湿地总面积为2 929.76 km^2,与1992年相比,增加354.26 km^2,湿地斑块总数增加120个;滩涂和苇草地面积减少,但仍是黄河三角洲湿地的优势景观类型;1992-2004年黄河三角洲区域非湿地与湿地之间面积转化剧烈,主要表现为非湿地转化为苇草地、水库,面积分别为324.90 km^2和189.16 km^2,而湿地类型之间面积转化相对较小。对该区湿地生态系统服务的定性评价表明,黄河三角洲湿地景观结构的剧烈变化会影响区域生态系统服务,特别是对其主要服务———物种多样性维持的影响会加剧该区生物多样性丧失风险,使濒危物种的保护难度加大。  相似文献   

Comprehensive evaluation on urban sustainable development of Harbin City in Northeast China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Chunmiao Cai  Jincheng Shang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2009,19(2):144-150

It is an effective way in realizing urban coordinated and sustainable development to establish a series of indicators and to evaluate urban environmental and socioeconomic development. According to the characteristics of Harbin City in Northeast China, an indicator system including five subsystems and 37 indicators was established for comprehensive evaluation on urban sustainable development. The development indexes of all urban subsystems and complex system were calculated quantitatively using the comprehensively integrated methods composed of Principle Component Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process and weighed index method, and then the comprehensive level of urban sustainable development and the degree of urban interior coordination were analyzed. The results indicated that 1) the overall urban development presented an uptrend, however, the interior development was not well balanced from 1996 to 2006; 2) the development in each subsystem presented a strong fluctuation; and 3) the development in resources subsystem showed a downtrend. Based on those results, the suggestions of urban sustainable development were put forward at the end.  相似文献   

基于ArcGIS的土地利用现状图的编制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩尚 《地理空间信息》2009,7(6):130-132

提出了基于ArcGIS的土地利用现状图编制的整体思路,对其中关键技术的实现进行了详细的阐述。  相似文献   

A non-linear regularized constrained impedance inversion     

Hongbing Zhang  Zuoping Shang  Changchun Yang 《Geophysical Prospecting》2007,55(6):819-833

Inversion for seismic impedance is an inherently complicated problem. It is ill‐posed and band‐limited. Thus the inversion results are non‐unique and the process is unstable. Combining regularization with constraints using sonic and density log data can help to reduce these problems. To achieve this, we developed an inversion method by constructing a new objective function, including edge‐preserving regularization and a soft constraint based on a Markov random field. The method includes the selection of proper initial values of the regularization parameters by a statistical method, and it adaptively adjusts the regularization parameters by the maximum likelihood method in a fast simulated‐annealing procedure to improve the inversion result and the convergence speed. Moreover, the method uses two kinds of regularization parameter: a ‘weighting factor’λ and a ‘scaling parameter’δ. We tested the method on both synthetic and field data examples. Tests on 2D synthetic data indicate that the inversion results, especially the aspects of the discontinuity, are significantly different for different regularization functions. The initial values of the regularization parameters are either too large or too small to avoid either an unstable or an over‐smoothed result, and they affect the convergence speed. When selecting the initial values of λ, the type of the regularization function should be considered. The results obtained by constant regularization parameters are smoother than those obtained by adaptively adjusting the regularization parameters. The inversion results of the field data provide more detailed information about the layers, and they match the impedance curves calculated from the well logs at the three wells, over most portions of the curves.  相似文献   

基于SPEI的中国西南地区1961-2012年干旱变化特征分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

熊光洁  张博凯  李崇银  尚可政  王式功 《气候变化研究进展》2013,(3):192-198

利用1961—2012年中国西南地区86个气象站逐月降水量和平均气温资料,引入一个新的干旱指数——标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)作为干旱等级划分指标,研究了1961—2012年该地区不同时间尺度干旱的变化特征。结果表明:该地区12个月尺度干旱频率在云贵交界区呈显著增加趋势,其他区域变化不显著且不一致;少雨期(11—4月)6个月尺度干旱频率在全区显著增加,而在多雨期(5—10月)大部分区域干旱频率呈缓慢减少趋势,减少最明显的区域在四川南部;3个月尺度干旱频率在春季变化不明显,在秋季和冬季显著增加,其中2000—2012年的增加趋势尤为显著,干旱化趋势严重。  相似文献   

基于雷达和微波辐射计的湖北省冷季“高架雷暴”特征分析     

苟阿宁  高正旭  侯静  韩芳蓉  刘文婷  张文言  张文刚 《热带气象学报》2020,36(4):528-541

利用常规观测、加密自动气象站、三维闪电定位仪、天气雷达和地基微波辐射计资料等,对湖北冷季（2014年11月）发生的3次高架雷暴过程进行了分析。（1）3次过程发生在地面冷锋后部地面冷气团中,主要以短时强降水和频繁的雷电活动为主,是典型的冷季“高架雷暴”,对流区位于地面冷锋后部500 km左右。（2）地面到925 hPa的冷垫,迫使暖湿气流爬升,在925 hPa逆温层附近触发对流,冷垫之上西南暖湿气流越强,对流越旺盛,雷达径向速度剖面可以明显看到1 km之下的冷垫。（3）冷季高架雷暴雷电活动剧烈,CG（地闪）占总闪比例60%以上,而+CG则占CG的40%左右,闪电频次和降水有很好的时空对应关系,CG出现在较强降水中心附近及周围,IC和CG突增对降水均有一定的时间提前量。CG更靠近强回波中心,且和≥30 dBZ的回波位置对应较好,IC则分布在雷暴单体外侧回波强度≥15 dBZ的区域。0 ℃等温线以上的（最大）回波强度达到43 dBZ以上或者18 dBZ回波顶高超过7.5 km是湖北冷季高架雷暴是否发生雷电的重要预警因子。（4）地基微波辐射计温度、湿度廓线和探空曲线基本吻合,可以看到明显的冷垫、逆温层及西南急流。基于微波辐射计资料计算的不稳定指数变化特征对冷季高架雷暴的短临预报有重要的实际应用价值。当A指数、TT指数、K指数和T_850-500出现快变抖动时,伴随抖动加剧可以判断将会有雷暴天气发生,当波动曲线开始下降并变得平稳,表示雷暴减弱消亡;θ_{se 850}在雷暴出现后跃增并在320 K附近抖动,雷暴结束后下落到290 K的平稳状态;T_d850在雷暴活跃阶段近乎为0 ℃;T_850-500在雷暴发生前是一个缓慢下降的过程,雷暴结束后大气趋于稳定。   相似文献   

断层输导作用与油气充注作用关系分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘震  张旺  曹尚  刘明洁  张威  董冬 《地质科学》2014,49(4):1302-1313

断层是控制油气藏形成的重要因素之一;断层的开启及闭合影响到油气运移与聚集的效率。但油气在断层中的运移与在砂层中的充注存在差异性这一问题长期被忽视。一般认为;只要发育断层;其断开的渗透层就会被油气充注;极少关注地层水和石油的压缩特性对充注的影响。本文提出;地下单断层活动时;深部油气在超压作用下以涌流方式难以快速充注进入中浅层被切割的砂体;因此;单砂体至少要存在一条断层作为泄水出口;石油才能通过其余断层充注进入砂体;即单砂体要发育两条及两条以上断层;石油才能注入砂体。在断层静止期;油气通过渗流方式沿特定深度范围断面垂向运移;对油气垂向运移距离影响较小。本文运用4个大型盆地的典型油气藏与断层分布关系讨论了本文观点。该观点对油气成藏规律研究及成藏目标评价有较重要参考意义。  相似文献